People of the Philippines vs. Edgardo Estrada
[G.R. No.
178318, January 15, 2010]
Doctrine:
In
order to charge properly an uncle of a rape-victim for qualified rape, the circumstance
that accused-appellant is a relative of the victims by consanguinity or
affinity within the third civil degree must be alleged in the information.
Facts:
On
November 19, 1997, two similarly-worded Informations were filed against
appellant Edgardo Estrada charging him with two counts of Rape committed as
follows:
That on or
about the month of July 1997, at Barangay x x x, in the Municipality of
Atimonan, Province of Quezon, Philippines and within the jurisdiction of this
Honorable Court, the above-named accused, who
is the uncle of the offended party, with lewd design, by means of
force, threats and intimidation, did then and there willfully, unlawfully and
feloniously have carnal knowledge of one AAA, a minor, 12 years of age, against
her will.
On August 16,
2002, the trial court found the accused guilty of qualified rape on two counts
and sentenced him to suffer the supreme penalty of death.
The CA
affirmed the decision of the trial court with modification finding the
appellant guilty of simple rape. The Court of Appeals opined that mere
allegation in the Information that the appellant was the victim’s uncle would
not suffice to satisfy the special qualifying circumstance of relationship. It
must be categorically stated that appellant is a relative within the 3rd civil
degree by consanguinity or affinity.
Hence this appeal.
Issue: Whether or
not appellant should be held liable for qualified rape.
Held: No. Appellant
is guilty only of two counts of simple rape. In the instant case, it was
clearly established by the prosecution that on two occasions in July 1997, the
victim was sexually abused by appellant through force and intimidation, against
her will and without her consent.
However,
as regards the allegation in the Information that appellant is an uncle of the
victim, we agree with the Court of Appeals that the same did not sufficiently
satisfy the requirements of Art. 335 of the Revised Penal Code, i.e., it must
be succinctly stated that appellant is a relative within the 3rd civil degree
by consanguinity or affinity. It is immaterial that appellant admitted that the
victim is his niece. In the same manner, it is irrelevant that AAA testified
that appellant is her uncle.
The
circumstance that accused-appellant is a relative of the victims by
consanguinity or affinity within the third civil degree must be alleged in the
information. In the case at bar, the allegation that accused-appellant is the
uncle of private complainants was not sufficient to satisfy the special
qualifying circumstance of relationship. It was necessary to specifically
allege that such relationship was within the third civil degree. Hence,
accused-appellant can only be convicted of simple rape.
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